Abnormal bleeding is either hormone related or due to some organic cause, such as uterine abnormalities. It includes heavy bleeding, painful periods and irregular bleeding.

​Following blood tests, ultrasound and CT scans, hysteroscopy is performed to visualise the uterine cavity followed by a curettage (D&C) of the uterine cavity. This provides specimens of the uterine lining for pathology studies.

After hormone tests are performed and D&C results received, the options for further treatment can be discussed.